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J Shahrekord Univ Med Sci. 2023;25(1): 23-29.
doi: 10.34172/jsums.2023.724
  Abstract View: 403
  PDF Download: 307

Original Article

Association of maternal diabetes during pregnancy with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in offspring in an Iranian population: A case-control study

Soleiman Mohammadzadeh 1 ORCID logo, Samad Hamidi 2* ORCID logo, Mohammad Aziz Rasouli 3 ORCID logo, Bahar Sahadatmand 4 ORCID logo, Bushra Zareie 5 ORCID logo

1 Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist, Neurosciences Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
2 Clinical Psychologist, Afra Consulting Center, Sanandaj, Iran
3 MSc Epidemiology, Clinical Research Development Unit, Kowsar Hospital, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
4 Medical Doctor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
5 Health Data Processing Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
*Corresponding Author: Corresponding Author: Samad Hamidi, Clinical Psychologist, Afra Consulting Center, Sanandaj, Iran, Email: samadhamidi@gmail.com, Email: samadhamidi@gmail.com

Abstract

Background and aims: Gestational diabetes has long-term adverse consequences for both the mother and child and seems to be a risk factor for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. However, no research has been conducted in this regard in Iran.

Methods: This was a case-control study. The sample consisted of 225 children who were referred to the general and psychiatric clinic of Besat Hospital in Sanandaj and were evaluated for a history of maternal diabetes in the fetal period. The diagnosis of ADHD in children was based on a structured clinical interview with Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime version (K-SADS-PL) by a psychiatrist and a short and revised form of Conners’ parent scale. The data were analyzed using Stata 14.

Results: The results showed that 25.3% of the mothers of children with ADHD had gestational diabetes during pregnancy, and 17.3% were taking diabetes medication. However, the results revealed that there is no statistically significant relationship between the history of gestational diabetes and ADHD (P=0.427). Furthermore, the logistic regression results demonstrated that the place of residence (P<0.027, OR=8.351) increases the probability of suffering from ADHD in children, while the age of the mother during pregnancy (P<0.031, OR=0.907) decreases the probability of the child suffering from ADHD.

Conclusion: Although cohort studies have associated gestational diabetes with an increased risk of ADHD in children, the results of this case-control study do not support this association.

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Submitted: 17 Jun 2022
Revision: 31 Aug 2022
Accepted: 31 Aug 2022
ePublished: 07 Nov 2022
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