Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences Journal of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences 2717-0071 23 4 2021 12 30 The effect of moderate-intensity aerobic training on serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in rats undergoing radiotherapy 179 183 10.34172/jsums.2021.30 EN Mina Khaleghi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8217-1804 Khalid Mohamadzadeh Salamat https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6327-0516 Mohammad Parastesh https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1696-4309 Kamal Azizbeigi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5963-2323 Mohammad Reza Bayatiani https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7300-063X Journal Article 10.34172/jsums.2021.30 2021 06 27 2021 09 29 Background and aims: One of the main potential problems of radiotherapy (RT) in breast cancer is the increase in treatment-related inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of moderate-intensity aerobic training (AT) on serum levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in rats undergoing RT. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 32 male rats were randomly divided into four groups of eight members including (1) healthy control (C), (2) AT, (3) RT, and (4) AT + RT groups. Rats were first anesthetized with ketamine-xylazine solution (K, 60-90 kg/mg; Z, 6-10 kg/mg) and then located on a Plexiglas plate with a thickness of 1 cm. Photon beam RT was performed using X-rays with a dose of 11 Gy from an Elekta compact linear accelerator (Elekta Compact 6-MV China). AT program was performed for eight weeks, five days a week, and one session a day for 60 minutes (70-75% of VO2max). Afterwards, one-way ANOVA was run to examine the research variables. Results: According to the results, TNF-α was significantly higher in the RT group compared to the C group (P=0.003), whereas IL-6 levels were significantly lower in the AT + RT group compared to the RT group (P=0.001) and the C group (P=0.027). Further, the levels of this cytokine were significantly lower in the AT group compared to the RT group (P=0.006) and similarly in the RT group compared to the C group (P=0.03). Conclusion: RT led to an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines; however, performing AT could only significantly reduce the IL-6 levels.